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Adenosine regulates the function of the innate and adaptive immune systems through targeting virtually every cell type that is involved in orchestrating an immune/inflammatory response. Of the four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3), A2A receptor is the primary anti-inflammatory effectors of extracellular adenosine. A2A receptor predominant expresses in monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells, as well as lymphocytes, NK cells, and NKT cells. Its activation inhibits early and late events occurring during an immune response.